K-12 Education: Design Strategies for Successful Magnet Schools

Magnet schools emerged on the K-12 scene as early as the 1960s to establish a public education option that met multiple goals: attracting a diverse student body from across a school district, supporting students with specific interests, and offering equitable opportunities resulting in high levels of academic success. Today, over 4,300 magnet schools educate more than 3.5 million students nationwide, according to Magnet Schools of America. Many of today's magnet schools focus on STEM or arts themes, with a rigorous academic approach intended to engage students and prepare them for real-world challenges. This instructional method necessitates a different building design response to meet teacher and student needs effectively.

Program must feature flexibility, engaging learning environments 

Magnet school buildings must support the unique nuances of their programs, providing opportunities for the theme to thrive and attract students from across the school district. The program must be relevant, engaging, and flexible enough to grow. Not only do classrooms need to be flexible in their configuration and function (instructional technology, for example), but the entire building must be an adaptable center of learning where students can work anywhere with access to instructional tools and materials. This takes shape through extended learning areas such as collaborative spaces, commons, or the creative use of wide corridors – providing spaces for both planned and impromptu learning.  

The magnet theme for Brooks Global Studies in Greensboro, NC, is global studies. The school's design creates safe places for students to research and ask the big questions that inspire big ideas. Various space types and open, collaborative environments support the mission to explore current and future global challenges and celebrate cultural differences.

In the Brooks Global Studies magnet school, mini-maker spaces are dedicated “Global Learning Labs,” specific to student-led collaborative projects. These spaces will be outfitted with mobile monitors, flexible furnishings, mobile project storage, and tool storage.

Emphasis on project-based learning requires maker space, extra storage 

Many magnet themes have a heightened focus on project-based and inquiry-based learning, meaning that exploratory spaces and storage are especially important. The types of projects and assignments students are faced with require more long-term and dedicated spaces that are readily available. Mini-maker spaces dedicated to a grade level can complement a larger maker space that houses more equipment and is accessible to the entire student body. These mini-maker spaces can be utilized in magnet programs to promote exploration and discovery through every class and subject.   

Design that prioritizes student-led learning and individual learning styles 

Student-led learning is a central tenet of magnet school education, with the teacher as a facilitator. Many of these educators have advanced certifications to support instructional delivery of the magnet school theme, and the environment must facilitate an inspiring student experience. Magnet school instruction is also cross-disciplinary, allowing students to look at educational materials from many different viewpoints.  

"At Conn Magnet Elementary, students in K-1 participate in each of the dance, drama, music, and art programs before they choose their focus areas in later years," said Gabriel Chidester, Principal of Conn Magnet Elementary School in Raleigh, NC. "Students in grades 2-5 can share what they are interested in before signing up for focus area courses."

At Conn Magnet Elementary School, students are encouraged to pursue their interests, from coding with robots to creating movies with their peers. Photos Courtesy of the Wake County Public School System

Design for community 

Many of the above best practices in design cross over from magnet schools to traditional K-12 schools, although magnet schools have a heightened emphasis on certain elements. In contrast to magnet schools, which draw students from across a large district, the traditional public school is a neighborhood focal point, with base school populations established from the surrounding neighborhoods. Traditional public schools benefit from an inherent sense of community, while designers must strive to strengthen that sense of community in a magnet school on two fronts: a welcoming environment for students and teachers and a school that integrates with the neighborhood in which it is located.   

For example, the school should be open to meeting community needs in times of crisis (such as providing food or shelter during weather or public health-related events) or everyday needs for underserved populations, such as a food pantry, clothing closet, or health services. These schools can also support and enhance local assets, as Brooks Global Studies does by integrating shared parking and outdoor amenities for the adjacent Greensboro Arboretum. At Conn Elementary School, the site was developed to enhance neighborhood walkability and offer play spaces and outdoor amenities for neighborhood use after school hours.

At Conn Elementary School, integrating the school into the community made it easily accessible during the school week while providing facilities and amenities to the surrounding neighborhood.

Design elements can also enhance the magnet school theme to provide meaning to students and the outside community. For example, there is an emphasis on the performing arts at the Ligon Gifted and Talented/AIG Basics Magnet Middle School in Raleigh, NC. At the heart of the existing school is a 900-seat auditorium and stage, much larger than what is typically planned for new middle schools. A two-story lobby on the public face of the building announces the auditorium, and the performing arts theme, as the façade of the lobby boasts multi-colored glass representing a computer-generated pattern found in the Beatles song "Across the Universe."  

The Ligon Gifted and Talented/AIG Basics Magnet Middle School emphasizes every aspect of the performing arts, from performing on stage, to working the control booth, or making sets for plays. Photos Courtesy of the Wake County Public School System

Community engagement during the design process is critical to integrating features that will benefit the surrounding community. Where existing magnet schools are being updated or replaced, the designers must understand the story and values of the existing school community. Offering all stakeholders (including students, staff, district personnel, and community neighbors) the chance to provide input enables the design team to understand common values, informing the guiding principles for the new design. Design priorities can be established from this open, transparent discussion and drive a new facility that honors the values and history of the existing program while elevating the experience for future students.  

"Community support is a key component to student success," said Chidester. "During the building planning stages, we listened to the input and suggestions of the community regarding school accessibility, safe routes to school, and design layout. As a result, Conn Magnet Elementary has secure access points for entry, features universal playgrounds on campus, and has a large open field for play and exercise, all of which are very important to the community."  

Magnet and traditional K-12 schools each offer unique attributes to their student bodies. They can deliver an exceptional education – the design of each school should respond to provide the optimal learning environment.